Safety operation of hoisting machinery: 21 necessary common sense
1. safe position
In the lifting operation, lifting boom, under the hanging object region, lifting pulley rope, rope around the triangle, quickly stood in a hook or a guide pulley cable-stayed force direction is very dangerous, and very difficult to avoid danger. So, the staff of the station is very important, not only to pay attention to, also need to remind each other, check, in case of emergency.
2. correctly recognize the safety factor of rigging
In hoisting operation, the correct cognition of the safety factor of the staff without sling is often based on the continuous use, leading to overweight work always in a dangerous state.
3. demolition work must encounter various factors to predict
For example: the weight of the object, the thoroughness of the cutting, the demolition parts are squeezed to increase the load, the connection parts are not checked and forcibly lifted and so on.
4. stop mistake operation
Hoisting operation is different from many construction, involving large surface, often using different units, different types of cranes. Daily operating habits, performance, command signal differences and other factors are easy to cause misoperation, so be particularly cautious.
5. bind the hanging objects firmly
When lifting and dismantling, the hanging objects should be locked instead of "pocket", and the "edge" measures should be taken to the sharp edges and corners of the hanging objects.
6. roller winding rope is not tight
The wire rope winding hoisting large demolition, crane or winch drum motor arranged on the loose, resulting in the large load fast rope rope cut into bundles, causing fast rope severe jitter, vulnerable to instability, the results often appear to work and stop dangerous, can not stop the embarrassing situation.
7. temporary hanging nose welding is not strong
(1) the welding strength of temporary lifting nose is not enough. The welding strength is not enough, is due to corrosion of welding base metal surface before welding to remove rust caused by welding is not complete, beautiful appearance and abundance of meat, meat and the actual welding base metal no melting together, the increase of load or impact, broke.
(2) the direction of the force of the nose is single. In the hoisting or down long cylindrical objects, with the change of object angle, lifting force direction is changing, and this situation in the design and welding hanging nasal considered inadequate, resulting in defective lifting occurred in lifting suddenly broken (broken). In this case, the vertical plate is required to be welded on both sides of the lifting nose, and the size and thickness of the vertical plate should be designed by the technical personnel.
(3) the hook welding material and base material is inconsistent and informal welders.
8. improper selection of hoisting tools or lifting points
The establishment of hoisting tools or by means of piping and structure for hanging point hanging on the lack of theoretical calculation, empirical estimation of lifting tool or pipe structure, load bearing capacity is not enough or the local bearing capacity is not enough, a failure, resulting in the overall collapse.
9. pulley, rope selection unreasonable
The establishment of lifting tools, due to the fast line angle changes caused by lack of pulley and pulley rope tied to the understanding of stress change, guide pulley tonnage selection is too small, the rope pulley to choose too small, stress overload caused by broken rope wheel fly.
10. no load sling sling accidentally hanging objects
There are many accidents happened, lifting work has ended, when the hook with empty rope when running under the free state sling hung live has been hanging the hook or other objects, the operation of the driver or the command staff such as reaction time, the instant accident has occurred, and this kind of accident of the operating personnel and lifting equipment has very bad consequences.
11. lifting out of touch with the actual operation of the construction scheme
The main performance is incomplete, the lack of necessary data or construction and the actual operation situation does not match, the construction scheme for the shield to cope with the higher check clearance, but did not play a guiding role in the construction.
12. air suspension no longer sealed safety rope
Some equipment or components due to the requirements of the installation process, need to be fixed in place after the suspension of air suspension, and some stay a long time in the air, if there is no safety rope, once by accident or shock, welding wire and other injuries, will cause serious consequences of falling suspension.
13. the handover process is not clear or multi unit construction process there are loopholes in the balance
If the structure or platform class but removed the handover is not clear, three people can take shelter in Wang five do not know, a unit cut off Eryi platform beam units continue to put a heavy load to the platform, resulting in temporary support overload. The problem has occurred, also do not know how it is.
14. construction busy schedule confirmation is not enough
Crane station underground without consulting; before the operation for the lifting weight of the objects, and are not allowed to confirm the high voltage line in the environment surrounding the operation of equipment, coal oxygen piping leakage safety warning signs leak problems and the unit owners did not discover and suffer a great deal.
15. use sling with "trouble"
Some people in order to save, find the root knot is used, but this is discarded scrap rope, some suffered internal injuries, some local back far, and let the welding played, and these problems and the problem is not easy to check out; and the purchase of cheap informal manufacturers block, the rings and other substandard spreader, the workers always on tenterhooks. In order to ensure the safety of the construction, please don't use the rope button thrown by others, cut off the damaged rope buckle timely and prevent others from misusing; don't buy the sling produced by the informal manufacturer.
16. the rope as a safety rope
Because the capacity is far less than the hemp rope, and the rope in the daily storage and use is easy to damage and reduce the tension resistance, so the use of hemp as a safety rope not safe, but make the person produce psychological dependence caused by the accident.
17. there is no warning zone
Large parts hoisting and aerial work under dangerous areas not timely pull safety warning area and arrange security guardian, leading to unknown people into dangerous areas and accidents.
18. crane long arm rod hanging heavy load on "brake lever" is not considered
The crane arm bar when lifting heavy objects, the crane arm force "brake", the rod head and the weight center of gravity vertical line change, such as rods is allowed, will be caused by the lifting moment shift, such as workers inconsiderate, did not take evasive measures (especially in the air), can be accident.
19. two cars with lift flip an item weighing not allowed
The turnover in the focus in the transformation, if the calculation is not allowed, especially prone to which a crane overload instability occurs, if this problem occurs not only a threat to the safety of the people, and the giant economic losses, has the profound lessons of history, which need special construction and technical personnel.
20. the dangerous area operation did not take necessary preventive measures
Such as work in the crane beam, contact with the crane driver in advance to confirm enough or because of misoperation of crane driver is busy in error, because did not take warning flags, warning lights, car stalls and other measures, the crane suddenly appeared, the construction personnel less to avoid accidents.
21. inadequate consideration of climate impacts
Not open after installation of gantry crane lifting equipment did not adopt reliable sealing measures, the use of tower crane hook suspended did not rise to a safe location or anchor seal in lighter weights. A gust of wind blowing, it may cause an accident, sometimes suddenly appeared heavy gust of wind power short circuit, to lift the hook all too late. Therefore, it is very important to develop good construction habits. Again, a windy day big lifting must wind load effect on the crane is taken into consideration, there is not dangerous or wind over safety rules.
In summary, the lifting operation relates to the construction of organization, operation design, planning, equipment selection, operation skills, construction experience, mutual cooperation, work coordination, environmental characteristics and climatic factors and other aspects, therefore, to do security work in the heavy work, from all aspects of construction management personnel operation, attach great importance to, in strict accordance with the scientific work.
As the crane operator, in addition to the strict implementation of the relevant provisions, but also study skills, and summarize the experience and lessons, improve the ability to prevent accidents, in particular operation should pay attention to because of construction experience, each person's skills and knowledge of the different of remaking industry in the dangers and risks of the judgment is different, so mutual cooperation between interactions is particularly important in lifting operations. At ordinary times, we should vigorously advocate more words, more heads, more suggestions. In a critical moment, a word, a leader, a suggestion, often can avoid an accident in time.
