The great age of the machinery industry in advance of quality
The advent of the Internet era, information and internationalization of the mainstream quality and sales is the current hard truth. Therefore, the development of construction machinery industry in 13th Five-Year "pay more attention to the quality of the first.
According to the introduction, the core of the program is to firmly take the road of quality and power. The "plan" to improve the machinery industry product quality and quality management level as the goal, to create the world famous brand as the main line, with information technology, digital and intelligent support, overall planning, take measures to promote mechanical industry to realize the leap from scale speed to the quality and efficiency of the history, for the realization of mechanical power tamp the foundation of quality management.
China has gradually entered the era of "great quality"
Since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's machinery industry has been actively absorbing the advanced quality management experience of foreign countries on the basis of self-reliance, and gradually formed the quality management method of machinery industry characteristics.
In the early period of the founding of new China, China was in a period of planned economy, and quality management was based on quality inspection. After the reform and opening up, the Ministry of machinery industry took the lead in introducing the idea and method of total quality management in developed countries, and the activities of QC group and quality trustworthy team combine quality management form of mechanical industry characteristics of the masses; machinery industry from reality, carried out in order to stabilize and improve the product quality the main objective of "technological breakthrough"; with the release of ISO9000 standard as the starting point, through the development of quality certification, effectively promote the comprehensive ground comprehensive quality management.
In 2004, the GB/T19580 national standard for excellence performance evaluation was promulgated. The connotation of TQM is further expanded and gradually entered the era of "great quality" in pursuit of excellent performance.
The outline of the plan points out that the emphasis on technology has become a fine tradition of the machinery industry enterprises. The production process of the mechanical product is long, the manufacturing process is complex and the special process is many, such as heat treatment, welding, spraying, equipment and so on, so the requirements of the process are high. As early as 1986, the machinery industry started from the reality of the industry. We should strengthen technological management and strict technological discipline "technological breakthrough" as an important starting point for further implementation of TQM and achieved good results.
The quality of the machinery industry needs to be eliminated
And Wang Jian said, to provide a scientific basis for planning quality management "of machinery industry in 13th Five-Year, accurately grasp the present situation of quality management of mechanical industry enterprises, China Machinery Industry Quality Management Association in 2014 launched a sampling investigation work for the quality management of machinery industry enterprise. The survey results show that China's machinery industry "big but not strong, leadership is not strong, the personnel quality is not high, and the digital quality management level is low, four medium (basic materials, basic components, basic technology and industrial technology base) is weak, poor reliability problems are still outstanding.
"As far as the whole machinery industry is concerned, the poor reliability is still one of the more common quality problems." Compared with the same products of the world's advanced level, the poor reliability of products is still the key factor that restricts the "going out" of China's mechanical products, Wang Jian said. "Reliability promotion involves all aspects, not only technical problems, but also the quality management of life cycle." Wang Jian and said, "the machinery industry should start with the" four base "to grasp the reliability. Every employee should do things, pursue excellence, strive for perfection and perfection.
Process management has been strengthened
In the long-term production practice, process management, rich in heritage and innovation in the content of continuous methods continue to improve, such as: mechanical enterprise 88.68% process quota management; clear process machinery enterprises 84.91% of the functional departments and key and special process evaluation; 58.49% machinery enterprises established process management system.
In addition to process management, reliability is an important quality characteristic of mechanical products. Wang Jian and he said: "the equipment and machinery products are actually extensive, and the requirements of reliability management are not balanced in all enterprises, such as machine tools, automobiles, electrical appliances and other products, which require higher reliability of products. It is understood that the product reliability of the electrical and electrical industry is one of the better industries in the manufacturing industry of mechanical equipment. In addition to the electrical and electrical industry, the engineering machinery industry also has a better quality management enterprise.
The quality management of Chinese automobile joint ventures is mostly done well. Wang Jian and tell the author, due to the special requirements of the industry and the mandatory promotion of QS9000 and ISO/TS16949 standards, especially the application of the five major tools, the quality management level of the automotive industry is generally higher than that of other industries.
At the same time, he also pointed out that not all enterprises in the automotive industry did well in quality management, of which the independent brand of automobile is inferior to the joint venture brand in quality management.
The quality management level of the enterprise needs to be improved
The key is to carry out the responsibility of the quality main body of the enterprise, and the senior leadership is the key. The survey report on the quality management of the national machinery industry shows that some leaders and even senior leaders do not know enough about quality, and the quality consciousness is still not strong enough, which leads to a mere formality of quality management. Data representation, only 43.64% of enterprises have full-time top quality managers, which directly affects the further implementation of quality responsibilities and the promotion of quality work.
Wang Jian and said that the level of enterprise quality management needs to be further improved. In a sense, the level of management is reflected in the refinement of management, so is the German enterprise, and so is the Japanese enterprise. However, due to the limited quality of personnel, many enterprises in machinery industry, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, are still in the "extensive" management level, which is far from the requirements of "hidden champions" in the future.
If the quality cost is the quantitative embodiment of the quality management level, the cost of the quality loss directly affects the profit of the enterprise. The survey shows that 27.78% of the enterprises still only charge the cost of the unqualified products, but not the statistical analysis of the quality cost, which is obviously not conducive to the further development of quality management.
It is understood that the level of digital manufacturing at this stage is still far from adapting to "China made 2025". At present, the development of information technology and Internet technology rapidly, through information technology can effectively realize remote monitoring products online detection, and the life cycle can be traced back, even if the product is found early failure, so as to improve the reliability of the product, the integration of information technology and industrialization has become China's industrial development direction, is the core of the "digital manufacturing Chinese manufacturing 2025" plan.
Chinese continued stabilization of economy, has now entered a "new normal", in order to improve the quality of the economic slowdown has become the inevitable choice of hedge. However, factors such as extensive production mode, weak basic development, low economic efficiency, insufficient investment in scientific research, and high dependence on core technology will inevitably affect and restrict the sustainable development of industrial enterprises.
In order to ensure the realization of the machinery industry "13th Five-Year" quality management goal, "plan" put forward the following suggestions: to strengthen the quality of the construction of the rule of law, promote enterprise informatization construction, strengthen the quality of brand construction, strengthen the quality responsibility of corporate executives, eclectic each kind of quality management method, strengthening the "four basic" quality "padded short board".
To improve the quality of products in an all-round way
There are many industries involved in the machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, and the quality management level of each industry is not balanced. In recent years, China's macro-economic situation is tight, and the whole industry of machinery industry has basically achieved moderate growth. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of statistics, the added value of the mechanical industry in the 1~11 month of 2015 increased by 5.3%, of which the automobile manufacturing industry increased by 13% in November.
But in the affirmative achievements, compared with the advanced countries, China's machinery industry is large and not strong, independent innovation ability is weak, the key core technology and high-end equipment are highly dependent on foreign countries, and the innovation system is not perfect.
As far as the whole machinery industry is concerned, the poor reliability is still one of the more common quality problems. In the equipment manufacturing industry of machine tool as an example, the status of the machine tool industry in the machinery and equipment manufacturing industry can not be replaced, but compared with Germany, Japan and other foreign advanced enterprises, the gap is obvious. For example, the average time of failure of large milling machines in Europe and America is 300 hours, and the average time of failure in our country is only 100~150 hours.
"Improving the reliability of mechanical products is both a technical and a management problem." Reliability promotion involves not only technical problems, but also the quality management of life cycle. Wang Jian and to the author.
In recent years, China's construction machinery manufacturing industry has made great progress, but the core components (hydraulic parts, engines, electric control systems) have been the biggest obstacle to the construction machinery industry's heading for the commanding heights of the world's construction machinery industry. Compared with the international brands such as Carter and Komatsu, there is a gap between the core components of construction machinery and the reliability and reliability of foreign products.
There are many reasons for the poor quality of parts. Wang Jian and he said that in the past planned economy system, the "five light and five heavy" phenomenon was serious in the planned economy system, such as "heavy duty engine", "four bases", heavy design, light technology, heavy products, light fittings, heavy sales and light service. "Because the price is high, enterprises in the pursuit of profit, often in the" Wang Jian and said.
Wang Jian and admitted that the present shortage of high-end and low-end products of machinery industry overcapacity, "big but not strong" embarrassing situation there is no fundamental change, nor in the machinery industry internationally known "Chinese brand", it is not to enhance the quality of production growth, "fully improve the mechanical quality of industrial products" there is a long way to go.
Strengthening the construction of the quality of the rule of law
In the "four comprehensive" strategic layout of our country, the concrete embodiment of the comprehensive rule of law in the field of quality is undoubtedly the construction of the quality and legal system. We should build up the whole society quality co governance mechanism, adhere to standard guidance and legal system go ahead, improve the legal system of quality work, increase penalties for quality offenders, and use legal means to solve outstanding problems and contradictions in quality development.
Establish and improve the system of quality and safety responsibility of local government supervision departments, general negative, production operators as the first responsible person ", the establishment of quality responsibility traceability system and accountability system, the implementation of quality accountability for life. Encourage consumers to vote with their feet on products and services, report quality violations, and make full use of market mechanism to improve quality, forming a social atmosphere of "everyone pays attention to quality, everyone creates quality and everyone enjoys quality".
Promoting the construction of enterprise information
"Made in China 2025" as an opportunity to promote the construction of enterprise information. The core of "China made 2025" is intelligent manufacturing. The enterprise should be in accordance with the national informationization and industrialization depth special action plan ", the" two integration "into the modernization of enterprise management work schedule, in accordance with the" industrialization and informatization management system requirements "to establish a management system, the research and development technology, management technology, automation technology and information technology effectively, promote innovation in product development mode through the application of innovation and design, product manufacturing mode and manufacturing method innovation, business model and business process innovation, industrial chain system business model and win-win mechanism, improve the core competitiveness of enterprises.
To actively explore and practice and summary of digital manufacturing under the background of quality management methods, and make full use of digital means to enhance the quality of data collection, analysis, evaluation and decision-making, strengthen process control, product identification and traceability of the whole life cycle, improve the effectiveness of the quality management and efficiency.
Strengthening the construction of quality brand
We should strengthen the construction of quality brand from the reality of the industry. The Ministry of industry "brand development management system" as a guide, firmly establish the "quality education, strong corporate brand" ideology, brand building will rise to the level of corporate strategy, combined with industry and enterprises to promote the actual quality of the brand construction, and summarizes the methods to cultivate industry characteristics in the practice of brand.
The core of the brand is quality. Enterprises should improve the quality of products as the brand building of the foundation and the core of the whole product, the quality control of each link to each link, the brand construction of each post; to increase investment in scientific research and technological innovation, enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises, in order to increase the strength to provide technical support and brand building enterprises should actively with the international; standards, and constantly improve the technological content of the brand with the foreign advanced standards, to build brand more solid foundation.
In addition, should also pay attention to brand construction and enterprise culture construction, the integration of the existing management system of brand management system and enterprise integration, increase brand awareness efforts, adhere to the cultural support of brand, brand culture, brand construction system, achieve enterprise culture, management system integration, into the soul of the brand.
Strengthening the quality responsibility of the top leaders of the enterprise
The enterprise is the main body of product quality, and the quality of the enterprise depends on the enterprise itself. Business leaders are primarily responsible for product quality, to strengthen the quality of laws, regulations and policies on the quality of learning, to rise to the understanding of the foundation of our country, strong enterprise base height, quality is the life of enterprise, the quality of the formulation and implementation of brand strategy, and constantly improve the product quality and quality management level.
Quality management is also the "first hand" project. The "enterprise quality management leaders" attention is done well. The new standard of the IS09001:2015 edition abolished the requirements for setting up the manager's representative, and the quality responsibility of the senior managers was strengthened accordingly. To carry out the quality responsibilities of top managers, we must improve the system and mechanism. On the other hand, we must closely combine the performance indicators of senior leaders with the quality of products, so as to make leaders' quality responsibilities carry out.
All kinds of quality management methods
Based on excellent performance, all kinds of quality management methods are included. The method is good or not, the key is performance. Enterprises should combine the characteristics of machinery industry and mechanical products, and actively promote the advanced quality management methods such as excellent performance mode, lean management, six sigma management and statistical process control.
Machinery industry enterprise only from reality, ideas, methods and tools of eclectic mix of quality management, and summed up and formed a set of suitable in practice, effective quality management methods, in order to continuously improve the quality management effectiveness and efficiency, and to the quality of corporate culture.
Ramming the "four base" quality "short board"
Key basic materials, core components, advanced basic technology and industrial technology base are referred to as "four bases", which are the foundation and weak link of the machinery industry. Therefore, mechanical industry will be issued by the Ministry of industry and information technology February 2014 "guidance on accelerating the" strong industrial base as a guide, guide social resources, gather a variety of power quality padded short board.
Through incentive funds, special subsidies or tax relief and other ways to guide and encourage enterprises, colleges and universities, colleges and universities to carry out the "four base" research. Efforts should be made to focus on the important process links that restrict product quality, the manufacture of key parts and so on, so that enterprises have enough technology accumulation and energy storage to provide a stamina for the core technology enterprises.
In addition, the enterprise should change the idea to increase infrastructure investment, technological transformation investment and equipment investment, and gradually improve the manufacturing equipment of mechanization, intelligent, high-end level, through equipment and tooling to ensure product quality, improve production efficiency, to meet the requirements of the production of high quality products.
In 2015, the international situation was complicated, and the days of the machinery industry in various countries were not good. China's mechanical industry is under pressure, structural adjustment and transformation and upgrading have been achieved, and the main economic indicators are growing. Last year, the added value of machinery industry increased by 5.5% compared to the same period last year. The main business revenue was 22 trillion and 980 billion yuan, up 3.32% over the same period last year, and the total profit was 1 trillion and 599 billion 238 million yuan, up 2.46% over the same period last year.
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