Zhengzhou's heyday: No "garbage siege"       

The phenomenon of "garbage besieged city" is widespread in China, causing serious environmental problems, resulting in the waste of land resources, and endangering the health of water, air and soil, and the health of residents. Improper handling may lead to social problems. In the context of ecological civilization, it is imperative to solve the problem of waste land, which can be used as an important gripper for the green development of urban development. In order to solve this problem, we need not only repair and control the occupied waste land, but also need to control the incremental garbage.

First, the cause of the "garbage besieged city"

There are two reasons for the "garbage siege".

First, the traditional garbage disposal method is not applicable to the city, and it is difficult to cope with the increase of the total amount of garbage. The common disposal methods include landfill, composting and incineration. The biogas, malodorous and leachate produced by the commonly used landfill method may cause serious harm to the surrounding ecological environment. Composting can cause soil pollution and long cycle and complex process. The incineration can produce the carcinogenic dioxin and so on, causing the "adjacent effect". These traditional garbage disposal methods, each have advantages and disadvantages, a single use will encounter greater social resistance. The garbage disposal in large cities is usually combined with various methods, and the market share of the landfill method is high.

Second, from the economic feasibility point of view, the lower cost of the opencast storage and landfill is the main treatment. The two methods are the primary choice of the economic development level of our country at that time because of the relatively low cost of construction and the relatively low cost of operation. Because of the complexity of the equipment, the cost of investment, operation and operation of the plant is high. Garbage is not effectively classified, with high moisture content and low calorific value. A lot of combustion supporting materials are needed for waste incineration, and the cost of waste incineration power generation is increased again. As a result, the municipal solid waste in China is mainly filled with landfill, followed by incineration, which eventually aggravates the phenomenon of waste land.

Two, management experience

The solution of the city "garbage Besieged" problem mainly includes two aspects: the management of the occupied waste land and the new garbage disposal. At the present stage, the single technology and measures are not suitable for solving the complex situation of the "garbage besieged city". The land problem is severe. The total volume of urban refuse is increasing. However, the limited land resources and large population have been faced with the status quo of no land burying and "garbage siege".

At the present stage, the solution of the "garbage siege" problem needs a combination of various technologies, measures and policies. Based on the analysis of the main social environmental risks, obstacles and Countermeasures of garbage disposal and incremental garbage disposal, according to the current domestic situation, we propose:

(1) repairing and utilizing the existing waste land

Under the new situation, it is imperative to repair and manage the stock of the stock. It is necessary to issue the opportunity to promulgate the "soil pollution prevention and control action" by the Ministry of environmental protection, to carry out statistics, investigation and risk assessment for the existing land occupation in China, so as to improve the registration system of garbage occupation. It is necessary to introduce the pollution prevention and control law which is specially aimed at the garbage, identify the pollution responsibility, the standard of soil remediation and the supervision of the third party. In order to promote the development of soil remediation technology, the management departments of the waste land should be defined and a special fund should be set up to pay the repair cost of the site in accordance with the restoration of the land use. Covers an area of two by may be related to the changes of land use, need to open the sale of state-owned land to recover the tender or auction. In order to accelerate the control and use of speed, the relevant administrative examination and approval procedures need to be simplified. The land utilization should be adjusted to local conditions, considering the needs of surrounding masses and cities, and choose suitable ways of utilization, such as theme parks and playgrounds as community rewards.

(two) incremental garbage control in the process of Urbanization

1. the development of waste incineration to generate electricity. In the process of urbanization, the total amount of garbage continues to rise. The urban landfill is facing saturation, sealing and the cost is rising sharply. The intensive utilization of land resources is imperative. Residents' habits and habits are not changing in a short time. This makes the waste incineration of the mainstream end treatment method difficult to avoid. It is also the feasible and optimal choice to solve the incremental waste in the current economic and environmental aspects. To promote the technology, need electricity, construction funds and other aspects of financial market and the preferential policies supporting waste management system and waste incineration power generation technology standard, to prevent the price competition among enterprises, make the management of the reform of the management system and operation mechanism of innovation in the whole process from the collection, transportation to. Waste incineration can be the breakthrough point of solid waste management, and synergies with the upstream and downstream industries to create more value.

2. confront the "adjacent effect". "Not-In-My-Back-Yard" is the main social resistance in the application of waste incineration power generation. In addition to improving production technology level and pollutant treatment standard, we should establish supervision mechanism and information disclosure mechanism of garbage incineration power plant operation, requiring normal supervision of the third party institutions. From the beginning of the location, construction to operation, the government should ensure that the public's right to know and participate, realize the public on pollution emission targets in government designated sites available at any time, the real-time data of the past. The government needs to establish effective legal accountability mechanism, accident emergency mechanism, economic compensation mechanism and ecological compensation mechanism, so as to reduce the public's concerns about burning risks and solve the public's trust crisis.

3. strengthening the infrastructure construction of garbage disposal. At present, the infrastructure of urban garbage disposal is weak and the technical level of the engineering is backward. It is difficult to cope with the increase of the total amount of waste. From the point of view of the end treatment, the single control measures have been difficult to adapt to the fact that the total amount of garbage is huge and the kind of garbage is varied. Faced with the complexity of urban garbage, the establishment of circular economy industrial park in the form of garbage disposal industry chain is very necessary, and is also more suitable for today's economic development level and people's living standard. Basic facilities such as urban kitchen waste treatment system, composting system and landfill system need to be set up. The recycling industrial park, which is reformed on the basis of the restoration of the landfill, can effectively use the original urban garbage transportation and treatment system.

4. improve the management system of waste management. It is necessary for the government to borrow the timing of the reform of ecological civilization, from the top-level design of reform of the waste management system, set up national and city level disposal of long-term goals, improve laws and regulations and relevant standards, to carry out the total control, waste reduction, reuse and recycling. It is necessary to realize the effective reduction of domestic waste from the source of the garbage generation to the full end production process. From the front-end of the production of waste, that is, the production link is strictly controlled; from the circulation of goods, that is, the consumption link, the promotion of green procurement and consumption. From the point of maximum resource utilization of waste, a reasonable classification standard for domestic waste is made, and it is effectively classified and recycled.

5. encourage multiple participation. The treatment of urban garbage is not only a matter of the government, but also involves the multiple participation of different subjects and stakeholders. It is necessary to clarify the legal responsibilities and obligations of the municipal government, the residents (the public) and the enterprises on the disposal and utilization of waste. City garbage management department is mainly responsible for the sanitation department, garbage treatment process management, operation and supervision etc.. The government needs to take the basic knowledge of the public waste reduction and classification of education and training, so that the residents realize city garbage management responsibility. Residents or units are the main body of garbage classification. They need to undertake the responsibility and obligation of source reduction, classification and storage, delivery and payment of discharge fees. Enterprises should realize the transformation of clean production from the end treatment to the whole production process.

6. encourage multi channel investment and financing. A large amount of capital investment is needed for the repair of waste land and the treatment of new waste. The current waste disposal costs in China are mainly undertaken by the government, and there is no system for the payment of the garbage producers and the lack of effective channels for investment and financing. The economic benefit of the waste industry is low, and the investment risk of the enterprise is too high. To play the role of financial capital subsidies, tax or financial incentives for relevant enterprises; the establishment of waste treatment fund of local government, the innovation of financial loans mode, encourage banks to support for waste disposal; make full use of international market financing for foreign investment; to attract private investment, the use of Public-Private-Partnership (PPP, PPP). Encourage the private capital into the infrastructure construction of environmental protection.