Only five points, the maintenance of second-hand machinery, such as new
As we all know, second hand machines are cheaper than new machines because of their longevity, flexibility and maintenance, even worse than new equipment. However, a good habit will make the second-hand machinery less trouble, as new as the use.
How to be a good habit, a summary of small editing system, I hope you get.
Ensure normal working load
The size and nature of working load of construction machinery have important influence on the mechanical loss process. Generally speaking, the wear of parts increases proportionally with the increase of load. When the load on the part is higher than the average design load, the wear will increase. In addition, when other conditions are the same, the stable load is smaller than the dynamic load, the fault is less, and the life is low. The test results show that the wear of the cylinder will be increased by 2 times when the engine works under unstable load compared with the work under steady load. Under normal load, the engine has a lower failure rate and longer life. On the contrary, the overload engine, the failure rate increased significantly, life expectancy will be less than the design indicators. Mechanical wear is often larger than that of continuous stable working in large range load change. In general, the engine used by the generator is longer than the engine used by bulldozers, excavators and so on.
The guarantee of normal working load mainly depends on the use of construction machinery by the operator. One should pay attention to work under the maximum load that the machine can bear, and use the machine in the best condition. As the management personnel of construction machinery, when the operator is appointed, the construction machinery random data and operation manual should be handed to the operator, so that they can normally grasp the mechanical performance and operating procedures, and should not arbitrarily buckle the relevant information. Two, as far as possible to ensure that the mechanical load of the uniform addition and subtraction, so that the machinery is in a relatively gentle load changes, specifically, is to more evenly add and subtract the throttle, to prevent the engine, work device movements of ups and downs.
Minimize the effects of harmful factors
(1) reduce the influence of mechanical impurities
Mechanical impurities are generally referred to as dust, soil and other non-metallic materials and engineering machinery in the process of its own production of some metal chips, wear products, etc.. Once these impurities into the internal machinery to match surface mechanical, its harm is great, not only make out the relative motion block, accelerated wear parts, and will scratch with the surface, destruction of the lubricant film, make parts temperature and oil deterioration.
It is determined that when the mechanical impurities in lubrication increase to 0.15%, the wear rate of the first piston ring of the engine will be 2.5 times larger than the normal value, and the life of the rolling shaft will decrease by 80%-90% when it enters the impurity particles. Therefore, for the engineering machinery work in harsh environment and complex condition places, one is to use high quality, supporting components and lubricating oil and grease, the source block harmful impurities; two to do a good job of mechanical protection work site, ensure the corresponding mechanism can work normally, to prevent impurities from entering the internal machinery. Repair the machinery that fails, as far as possible to the regular repair site. Site repair, but also to do protective measures to prevent on-site repair parts replaced by dust and other impurities before entering the machine.
(2) reduce the influence of temperature
In the work, the temperature of each part has their respective normal range. Such as the general cooling water temperature is 80-90 degrees, hydraulic transmission system hydraulic oil temperature is 30-60 degrees, below or beyond this range will accelerate the wear of parts, cause lubricating oil deterioration, resulting in material performance changes and so on. The test shows that the main drive gears and bearings of various construction machinery run at the temperature of -5 DEG C and run 10-12 times as much as those in the lubricating oil at 3 degrees centigrade. But when the temperature is too high, it will accelerate the deterioration of lubricating oil, such as oil temperature is more than 55-60 degrees, the oil temperature increases by 5 degrees each time, the oxidation rate of the engine oil will be doubled. Therefore, the engineering machinery in use, to prevent temperature overload, ensure the normal operation of low temperature pre stage, the machine has reached the specified temperature after traveling or working, not because it was not the problem but neglect its important role; two to prevent mechanical operation under high temperature, mechanical operation the process should always check the numerical thermometer, found the problem immediately stop check, find fault and remove. For the moment can not find the reason, must not be processed and still make the machine sick work. In peacetime work, should pay attention to check the cooling system work condition. For water-cooled machinery, must check before daily work, add cooling water; for air-cooled machinery, but also regularly clean up the dust on the air cooling system, to ensure the smooth flow of heat dissipation duct.
(3) reduce all kinds of corrosion
The corrosion of the metal surface with the surrounding medium due to chemical or electrochemical action is called corrosion. This corrosion will not only affect the normal work of mechanical surface equipment, but also corrode parts and components inside the machine. Such as rainwater, air chemical substances through the mechanical components of the external channel, gap, etc. into the internal machinery, corrosion of machinery parts, accelerate mechanical wear, increase mechanical failure. Because of the corrosive effect is sometimes invisible, easy to a neglected, so the more dangerous. In use, the management and operation personnel should take effective measures to reduce the impact of chemical corrosion on the machinery according to the local weather conditions and air pollution at that time. The key point is to prevent the intrusion of chemical components in rainwater and air into the machinery.
Ensure reasonable lubrication of machinery
The main parts of the machine parts are 3 parts of the main parts of the machine parts under normal working conditions, and the failure caused by the wear of the parts face the largest proportion. In other words, the mechanical wear is one of the main reasons for its various parts to reach the limit state of technology. Then, to solve the problem of mechanical parts wear. In addition to the use of good materials, the choice of advanced manufacturing processes, the design of a reasonable mechanical structure, the use of the process to do an important job is to ensure the rational lubrication of the machinery. According to statistics, more than half of the faults of construction machinery are caused by poor lubrication.
Due to the precision of the components of the construction machinery, good lubrication can maintain the normal working space and the suitable working temperature, so as to reduce the wear degree of parts and reduce the mechanical failure. Normal and reasonable lubrication is one of the effective measures to reduce mechanical failure. This is a reasonable choice of lubricant, should be chosen according to different types and application of the mechanical structure of the normal lubricant categories, according to the mechanical requirements of the appropriate quality group, selection of appropriate quality level according to the requirements of mechanical machinery, according to the working environment and the different seasons choose suitable lubricant brands. In use, neither low grade lubricants nor other lubricants can be used, and inferior products are not to be used. The two is to always check the quantity and quality of lubricants. Insufficient quantity should be timely supplement, poor quality should be replaced in time. Under the emergency condition, using different types and grades of lubricants substitutes, after the lubrication system must be cleaned and replace the normal lubricant in time.
Deal with the faults that have occurred in time
Engineering machinery in the process of use, there will be a variety of faults. In these faults, some fault of mechanical equipment may be very small, some are more serious, and even cause the plane crash in the accident. Experience shows that serious mechanical failures are often caused by minor failures. The reason lies in the neglect of the timely disposal of small faults. Therefore, the mechanical failure, regardless of size, should be promptly removed, so as to maintain the normal performance of the machine, reduce the possibility of causing greater failure.
In a sense, the timely treatment of the fault occurs is an effective measure to reduce and prevent the failure. The so-called timely processing, first, according to the maintenance and maintenance procedures, regular maintenance and repair of machinery, maintenance and repair of various groups must be carried out according to the requirements. The existing maintenance and repair specifications are the sum up of many years of practical experience, and it is scientific and reasonable. In the absence of major technological progress and innovation, the guidance of these procedures to the maintenance and maintenance of construction machinery is absolute, and must be complied with. Two is in the process of use to strengthen the construction machinery regular and irregular inspection, timely understanding of the operation of the machinery, temporary fault, should be timely processing, not because of small failure, does not affect the use and delay the repair time, lead to greater failure.
Take proper technical measures and organize management measures
With the development of material science and design and manufacturing technology, many new technologies, new materials and new structures have been adopted in construction machinery, which requires more scientific and perfect technical support and management of machinery.
Therefore, as the organization and management personnel and operators of construction machinery, one should pay attention to ensure the machinery in the transport and storage process to prevent mechanical damage, deformation, corrosion and so on. Two, strict mechanical daily maintenance work, so that the machine is in good technical condition. Three, it is necessary to educate operators to correctly use and operate various construction machinery, to reduce and prevent mechanical failures caused by human errors. Four careful maintenance of machinery, to correctly and reasonably regular maintenance, keep the machine clean, regular inspection of mechanical technology, abnormal timely treatment, for loosening and fastening and adjusting the imbalance parts timely, preventive replacement of wearing parts.
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